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anosql
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======
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**NOTICE**: This project is now deprecated in favor of `aiosql`_.
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Unfortunately, I no longer have the time to devote to this project, and aiosql
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is now a lot more popular. I don't think it makes sense to maintain both.
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Open source ftw! Thanks for your hard work, `Will`_!
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.. _aiosql: https://github.com/nackjicholson/aiosql
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.. _Will: https://github.com/nackjicholson
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.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/anosql.svg
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:target: https://badge.fury.io/py/anosql
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:alt: pypi package version
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.. image:: http://readthedocs.org/projects/anosql/badge/?version=latest
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:target: http://anosql.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
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:alt: Documentation Status
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.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/honza/anosql.svg?branch=master
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:target: https://travis-ci.org/honza/anosql
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:alt: Travid build status
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A Python library for using SQL
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Inspired by the excellent `Yesql`_ library by Kris Jenkins. In my mother
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tongue, *ano* means *yes*.
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Inspired by the excellent Yesql library by Kris Jenkins. In my mother tongue, ano means yes.
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If you are on python3.6+ or need ``anosql`` to work with ``asyncio``-based database drivers, see the related project, `aiosql <https://github.com/nackjicholson/aiosql>`_.
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Complete documentation is available at `Read The Docs <https://anosql.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_.
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Installation
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------------
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::
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$ pip install anosql
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Usage
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-----
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Basics
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******
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Given a ``queries.sql`` file:
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.. code-block:: sql
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-- name: get-all-greetings
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-- Get all the greetings in the database
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SELECT * FROM greetings;
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-- name: select-users
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-- Get all the users from the database,
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-- and return it as a dict
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SELECT * FROM USERS;
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We can issue SQL queries, like so:
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.. code-block:: python
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import anosql
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import psycopg2
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import sqlite3
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# PostgreSQL
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conn = psycopg2.connect('...')
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queries = anosql.from_path('queries.sql', 'psycopg2')
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# Or, Sqlite3...
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conn = sqlite3.connect('cool.db')
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queries = anosql.from_path('queries.sql', 'sqlite3')
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queries.get_all_greetings(conn)
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# => [(1, 'en', 'Hi')]
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queries.get_all_greetings.__doc__
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# => Get all the greetings in the database
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queries.get_all_greetings.sql
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# => SELECT * FROM greetings;
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queries.available_queries
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# => ['get_all_greetings']
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Parameters
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**********
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Often, you want to change parts of the query dynamically, particularly values in
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the ``WHERE`` clause. You can use parameters to do this:
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.. code-block:: sql
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-- name: get-greetings-for-language
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-- Get all the greetings in the database for given language
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SELECT *
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FROM greetings
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WHERE lang = %s;
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And they become positional parameters:
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.. code-block:: python
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visitor_language = "en"
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queries.get_greetings_for_language(conn, visitor_language)
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# => [(1, 'en', 'Hi')]
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One Row Query
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*************
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Often, you would expect at most one row from a query, so that getting a list
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is not convenient. Appending ``?`` to the query name makes it return either one
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tuple if it returned one row, or ``None`` in other cases.
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.. code-block:: sql
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-- name: get-a-greeting?
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-- Get a greeting based on its id
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SELECT *
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FROM greetings
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WHERE id = %s;
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Then a tuple is returned:
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.. code-block:: python
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queries.get_a_greeting(conn, 1)
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# => (1, 'en', 'Hi')
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Named Parameters
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****************
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To make queries with many parameters more understandable and maintainable, you
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can give the parameters names:
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.. code-block:: sql
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-- name: get-greetings-for-language-and-length
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-- Get all the greetings in the database for given language and length
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SELECT *
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FROM greetings
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WHERE lang = :lang
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AND len(greeting) <= :length_limit;
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If you were writing a Postgresql query, you could also format the parameters as
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``%s(lang)`` and ``%s(length_limit)``.
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Then, call your queries like you would any Python function with named
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parameters:
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.. code-block:: python
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visitor_language = "en"
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greetings_for_texting = queries.get_greetings_for_language_and_length(
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conn, lang=visitor_language, length_limit=140)
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Update/Insert/Delete
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********************
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In order to run ``UPDATE``, ``INSERT``, or ``DELETE`` statements, you need to
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add ``!`` to the end of your query name. Anosql will then execute it properly.
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It will also return the number of affected rows.
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Insert queries returning autogenerated values
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*********************************************
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If you want the auto-generated primary key to be returned after you run an
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insert query, you can add ``<!`` to the end of your query name.
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.. code-block:: sql
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-- name: create-user<!
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INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES (:name)
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Adding custom query loaders.
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****************************
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Out of the box, ``anosql`` supports SQLite and PostgreSQL via the stdlib ``sqlite3`` database driver
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and ``psycopg2``. If you would like to extend ``anosql`` to communicate with other types of databases,
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you may create a driver adapter class and register it with ``anosql.core.register_driver_adapter()``.
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Driver adapters are duck-typed classes which adhere to the below interface. Looking at ``anosql/adapters`` package
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is a good place to get started by looking at how the ``psycopg2`` and ``sqlite3`` adapters work.
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To register a new loader::
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import anosql
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import anosql.core
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class MyDbAdapter():
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def process_sql(self, name, op_type, sql):
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pass
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def select(self, conn, sql, parameters):
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pass
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@contextmanager
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def select_cursor(self, conn, sql, parameters):
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pass
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def insert_update_delete(self, conn, sql, parameters):
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pass
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def insert_update_delete_many(self, conn, sql, parameters):
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pass
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def insert_returning(self, conn, sql, parameters):
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pass
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def execute_script(self, conn, sql):
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pass
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anosql.core.register_driver_adapter("mydb", MyDbAdapter)
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# To use make a connection to your db, and pass "mydb" as the db_type:
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import mydbdriver
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conn = mydbriver.connect("...")
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anosql.load_queries("path/to/sql/", "mydb")
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greetings = anosql.get_greetings(conn)
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conn.close()
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If your adapter constructor takes arguments, you can register a function which can build
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your adapter instance::
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def adapter_factory():
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return MyDbAdapter("foo", 42)
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anosql.register_driver_adapter("mydb", adapter_factory)
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Tests
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-----
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::
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$ pip install tox
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$ tox
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This is a vendored copy of `anosql`_, which exists to capture a few pre-deprecation patches that never made it into the last release, and bazel-ify everything for my use.
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License
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-------
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BSD, short and sweet
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.. _anosql: https://github.com/honza/anosql
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.. _Yesql: https://github.com/krisajenkins/yesql/
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